Duke's Research Heritage: Ideas

Image	Dorothy Beard Research Fund	1941-1971	Duke University's first dedicated fund to support research was named after Dorothy Beard, noted vaccinologist and co-inventor with her husband Joseph Beard. The fund was created and supported by royalties from the Beards' patent of a killed-virus horse encephalomyelitis vaccine that was manufactured by Lederle Labs. The fund provided nearly a third of the expense for the research-dedicated Bell Building, AKA 'Joe Beard's Building,' advancing Duke's mission of research in support of clinical care.
Image	Research Training Program	1959 - Present	Duke's signature Physician-Scientist training program and forerunner of NIH's Medical Scientist Training Program, it puts Duke medical students into research experiences for 9 months of their training.
Image	Physician Assistant Program	1965 - Present	Eugene Stead launched this masters degree program at Duke to train people to help physicians with routine clinical procedures, starting a new profession that is now recognized in all 50 states.
Image	4D Ultrasound	1987 - Present	Olaf von Ramm and Stephen Smith of Duke Biomedical Engineering invented the first realtime 3-D ultrasonic scanner (dubbed 4-D). It is now used worldwide in multiple medical specialties to see inside living bodies.
Image	Duke Clinical Research Institute (DCRI)	1996 - Present	World's largest academic center for clinical research trials. DCRI grew from Eugene Stead's revolutionary use of computerized records in cardiology and Robert Califf's leadership of a massive, multicenter study of TPA anti-coagulents in treating heart attack.
Image	Metamaterials	2006 - Present	Materials that bend waves of all sorts (electromagnetic to possibly seismic) based on its physical shape, not its material properties. The first working 'invisibility cloak' was built with materials that bend electromagnetic energy in previously impossible ways, kicking off a revolution that is leading to new ways to send and receive signals and energy.